Backup types :
1.Full database backup
2.Cumulative backup
3.Log/transactional backup
The difference between the three are:
A full database dump, or simply database dump, will make a backup copy of the entire database
A cumulative database dump will make a copy of all pages that changed in the database since the last full database dump
A transaction log dump creates a copy of the transaction log and truncates the log
In terms of restoring the database the order that should be followed is
Restore from the last full back up
(optional) Restore from the latest cumulative dump since the last full backup
Apply all transaction logs since the last full backup (if step 2 is skipped) or cumulative backup (if step 2 is performed)